Captain Henry Pawling

  Noted events in his life were:

• AKA: Hendrick.

• Military, 18 May 1664. ²⁴⁰ I sailed from Portsmouth, England 18 May 1664 and arrived in New Netherlands in August. I was a gallant young Englishman of means, education, and enterprise who came to America as a soldier in the Duke of York expedition in 1664. I served as a captain under Colonel Richard Nicholls. Colonel Nicholls headed the Duke of York expedition and established a garrison at Esopus or Wiltwyck, which is 95 miles north of present day New York City along the Hudson River. I did this to protect the inhabitants against the Indians. Kingston was known as Espopus or Wiltwyck prior to September 25, 1669. It was also the first capital of the State of New York. Prior to sailing from Portsmouth, William Penn granted a thousand acres of land to me in Providence Township then Philadelphia County now Montgomery, Pennsylvania and it was to this tract that my son Henry later removed.

• Court Cases Involving Henry, Feb 1665. ²⁴¹ February, 1665: Tomas HARMENSEN, Farmer, Plaintiff, vs. Henderick PALINGH, Defendant: Plaintiff says that he prosecutes defendant for smuggling because he has made an agreement with him to be permitted to brew and to sell at retail for himself in particuar, but that defendant also has his brewed beer retailed by another, Joris HAEL. Defendant says that on January 13 last, he contracted with plaintiff for as long as plaintiff has farmed the excise for eight sch. Of wheat, one half to be paid within three months, the other half at the expiration of the time, for the purpose of being permitted to brew and to retail, and further says that yesterday, February 16, he again contracted with plaintiff in the presence of several persons, provided he pay plaintiff seven sch. Of wheat, or the value of the same, in ready money, as he has done, that he was to be permitted to have brewn, bought and sold, as much beer as he could brew, if he wanted to employ 20 retailers. Plaintiff replies and denies defendant's statement. Defendant takes it upon himself to prove the last condition. The hon. Court orders defendant to produce trustworthy evidence.

December 8, 1665: Louys DUBOIS, Plaintiff, vs. Henderick PALINGH, Farmer, Defendant: Plaintiff makes a complaint against defendant as farmer, because he took an anker of distilled water out of his house, notwithstanding two days before he paid the excise on said anker, and obtained a permit for the same of the farmer. Defendant answers, saying, that he took an anker of wine out of plaintiff's house, which was taken in at night after sunset, and concludes that said anker is confiscated. Plaintiff replies, saying that he took in said anker by evening while it was yet light, and offers to prove the same, thereby refusing to allow Onfre FERGESON to testify against him, saying that said testimony cannot be legally accepted, because said Onfre FERGESON was informer. The hon. Court orders parties, at the next session, to produce clearer evidence and further proof.
Henderick PALINGH, Farmer, Plaintiff, vs. Matthew BLANCHAN, Defendant: Plaintiff says that defendant sold and transported his wine at an improper time, and sustains that he, plaintiff, on account of similar sale and transport might be defrauded by defendant, and that, therefore, defendant should be fined. Defendant answers that he has seen from a permit that the wine has been declared, and consequently he permitted the wine to follow and though this took place while it was yet daylight, he maintains not having violated anything, if he had done so at about eight or nine o'clock at night. The hon. Court ordrs parties to both produce clearer evidence and further proof concerning their affair at the next session.
Henderick PAULING, Plaintiff, vs. Christoffel DAVIDS, Defendant. Absent. Default.
December 29, 1665: Henderick PALINGH, Farmer, Plaintiff vs. Louwies DuBOIS, Defendant. In regard to the suit by Henderick PALINGH, plaintiff, Louwies DuBOIS produces witnesses on account of the anker of distilled waters seized by the farmer, Henderick PALINGH, on Nov. 4 last, viz., Henderick HENDERICKSEN Van WYE and Elsje BARENTS, young daughter, both of proper age, who declare that it was yet day when Louweis DuBOIS carried in the aforesaid anker of distilled waters, but not knowing whether the sun had set or not, because the day was mostly cloudy, he Henderick HENDERICKSEN being still at work for Mattheu BLANCHAN, and she, Elsje BARENTS, having at the time fetched straw for the purpose of covering the rosemary in the garden. And said deposers have judicially sworn their aforenamed depositions. In consequence of the aforesaid depositions of the aforenamed persons, affirmed under oath, the hon. Court, in the name and by the authority of the Royal Majesty of Great Britain, etc., orders Henderick PALINGH, farmer, to return, without expense or charge, except the claim of the officer, to Louwies DuBOIS the anker of distilled waters seized by him on Nov. 4/11 last at defendant's house.
The next case is also between Henderick PALINGH and Louwies DuBOIS, and then the following case is between PALINGH and his father-in-law, Allert Heymans ROOS(A)
Henderick PALINGH, Plaintiff, vs. Allert Heymans ROOS, Defendant: Plaintiff demands of defendant a sum of 60 gldrs. 12 st., being for a grindstone, soap, excise and a day's work. Defendant denies it, and says having paid on the same 40 gldrs. And shows also a note of Ariaen GERRETSEN of 20 gldrs. Containing that Ariaen GERRETSEN promised to pay the same to PALINGH. Plaintiff replies saying, not having been satisfied with Ariaen GERRETSEN's note of the 20 gldrs., as he is not yet satisfied. The hon. Court, having heard parties, orders defendant to pay plaintiff the balance of 20 gldrs. 12 st.
Date: _________________. Willem BEECKMAN, Schout, Plaintiff vs. Henderick PALINGH, Defendant: Plaintiff says that defendant as farmer settled with Jan Jansen Van AMERSFOORT in regard to the seizure of some beers, for the amount of 20 sch. Of wheat, and the seized beers, according to the declaration of the aforenamed Jan JANSEN. And therefore plaintiff, in accordance with art. 12 of the farming [conditions], “that the farmer is not permitted to settle” demands of defendant 200 gldrs. Over and above the agreement with Jan JANSEN aforementioned. Defendant answers and denies having settled with Jan JANSEN in regard to the seized beers, but says that Thomas CHAMBERS approached him saying, “Countryman, render me a friendship. I shall give you 20 sch. Of wheat,” and produces as witness Ridsert HAMER who declare having heard that Thomas CHAMBERS offered to give defendant the 20 sch. Of wheat for a friendship, but in case the affair should become public, that the condition of the 20 sch. Of wheat should be void. Plaintiff replies, saying that the case is notorious, because defendant had seized the beers, summoned Jan Jansen van AMERSFOORT on account of the same, and also the witnesses necessary in this case, and when the bench was about to sit in regard to this affair, defendant had the case taken off the roll, saying that he was negotiating concerning the same with Jan JANSEN, and further says that defendant's answer in the same tends to delay. The hon. Court, having heard parties, decides whereas defendant denies having settled with Jan Jansen Van AMERSFOORT in regard to the seized beers, therefore plaintiff is ordered at the next session of the court to prove that defendant has settled in regard to the seized beers with Jan Jansen Van AMERSFOORT or with another in the name of said Jan JANSEN, for the amount of 20 sch. Of wheat, and the said seized beers. Defendant is also ordered to explain, at the next session, for which “friendship” Thomas CHAMBERS promised him the 20 sch. Of wheat, because such a promise of friendship might be an affair of evil consequences

• Court Cases Involving Henry, 25 Jun to 5 Jul 1667. ²⁴¹ June 25/July 5, 1667: Thomas CHAMBERS, Plaintiff vs. Henderick PALINGH, defendant: Plaintiff accuses defendant of calling him a knave or boef, and asks him for reasons for saying so. Defendant admits and says that plaintiff is a knave because he has caused trouble in his house, and that he called his fellow-soldiers “rogues.” Plaintiff takes it upon himself to prove at the next session that he did not molest defendant in his house. Defendant requests that Henderick JOCHEMSEN shall be made to declare under oath whether he did not hear Thomas CHAMBERS say at the house of Harmen HENDERICKS that the English who are at present here were banished from England and sent to an island, and that the English took their course to the Manhatans without authority of the King of England, and that STUYVESANT has surrendered the country to them.
Henderick JOCHEMSEN, having been judicially questioned about the above under oath, says that he did not hear this out of Thomas CHAMBERS' mouth, but only [says] that a year ago last Shrove-tide he heard from the mouth of Thomas CHAMBERS at the aforesaid house that some English behave in such a manner, cursing, swearing and blustering, as if they were bandits, which he has also confirmed under oath.
Harmen HENDERICKS, having been interrogated under oath at the request of Henderick PALINGH, declares under oath having heard at his house (he having forgotten the time) out of the mouth of Thomas CHAMBERS, that these Englishmen who are now here, are a party of bandits, and had been sent to some island, and that they thus came here, and that STUYVESANT has given the land to them.
Henderick PALINGH further says that he heard from Eduart WITTIGER that Thomas CHAMBERS said, “I do not esteem my commission, because I did not take the oath of office, and therefore I may say what I please.” Thomas CHAMBERS denies all of the above declarations saying that Harmen HENDERICKS cannot be a witness in this case because Henderick PALINGH heard out of the mouth of Harmen HENDERICKS that which Harmen HENDERICKS has declared above, and that Harmen HENDERICKS has declared his own case. Henderick PALINGH further requests that Harmen HENDERICKS' wife shall also be heard as
The hon. Court besides the commander of the militia here, Christoffel BERRISFORT, having heard Henderick PALINGH's complaint, and Harmen HENDERICKS's declaration, find that Harmen HENDERICKS is passionately prejudiced against Thomas CHAMBERS, which he showed before the court here. On this account Henderick PALINGH is ordered to produce better proof in this, his case, against Thomas CHAMBERS for the purpose of then the better presenting it to the honorable Lord Governor General.

• appointed, 1667. ²⁴² I was appointed Commissioner of Indian Affairs

• order issued, 1668. In 1668, I was instructed by Governor Francis Lovelace to lay out lots further inland than Esopus for a new and additional settlement.

• commissioned, 1669. In 1669, I was on a commission to regulate the affairs of Esopus and of Nieuw Dorp now Hurley, New York.

• Military, 5 Apr 1670. ²⁴³ On Tuesday, April 5, 1760, my Foot Company appeared at the Rendezvous where we were mustered and exercised our arms. The president, also, caused all the laws relating to military affairs to be read before us, and then we marched with flying colors to the town of Hurley and there we were dismissed. The colors were lodged with a guard in the town hall at Kingston, where the soldiers were commanded to appear next day in court to draw their Lotts.

Commissions: Henry Pawling to be Captain: Christopher Berrisford, Lieutenant: John Briggs, Ensign at Esopus.

Lovelace now ordered the garrison to be disbanded and dismissed of their military employment, as it was a time of peace and a needless charge to the Duke of York.

• commissioned, 18 Apr 1670. ^244,245 I served in the British army with distinction, attaining the rank of Captain, if not that of a Colonel, until the spring of 1670 when, as it was “times of peace” and I had “behaved myself well and as becomes a Souldyer”, on the 18th day of April that year, I was honorably discharged 'so that I hath their consent to follow my private affairs without any further “Lett or interruption”.

From Francis Lovelace, Esq.:

To Henry pawling, Captain By vertue of ye commissions and authority unto me given (by His Royal Highness) I do constitute and appoint you, Henry pawling, and you are hereby appointed to be Captain of the foot company listed and to be listed in towns of Marbletown and Hurley and Wiltyck at Esopus. Ye are to take into ye charge and care the s'd cop's' as capt' a thereof and duly to exercise both yer inferior officers and souldy'ers in armes, and to use y'er best care, skil, and endeavor to keepe them in good orders and discipline, hereby requiring all inferior officers and souldy'ers under yer charge to likewise observe and follow such orders and directions as you shall from time to time I from me and other your superior officers according to the discipline of warre.

Given under my hand and seal this 18th day of April in ye 22th year of his Ma'ties Raigne, Anno Domini 1670.

(The following paragraphs are written on the back of the manuscript and do not allude to it in any way.)

Whereas: Mr. Henry Pawling came over a souldier with my predecessor, Colo. Richard Nicholls in his in the which he did belong, being these are to certify to all whom it may concern, that the sa'd Henry Pawling behaved himself well and as becomes a souldy' during the time of his being under my command, and being now a Time of Peace, I do hereby give him a discharge from his military engagement so that he hath time to follow his private affayres without any further let or interruption.

Given under my hand at Fort James in New York the 18th day of April 1670

• appointed, 1670. ²⁴⁶ I was appointed to define the boundaries in Ulster County and removed to the area where I helped to shape and regulate the government. My family plantations in New York and New Jersey appear among the list of taxable estates as early as 1670. I held many important offices in Ulster County, and served on numerous commissions for regulating affairs and shaping the government of Esopus.

• appointed. ²⁴⁷ I was commissioned to lay out lands in Esopus, Hurley and Marbletown.

• Court Cases Involving Henry, 9 Jul 1670. The Sachem Sewackmami complains before the honorable court, and says that it is true that Capt. PALINGH is in the habit of beating the savages, and says that he beat his brother, and also requests payment for the anker of wine taken away from them. Capt. PALINGH, appearing before the court, says having had good reasons for the same. In regard to the four beavers for the anker of wine, will write to the governor.
Madaleen DIRX, Plaintiff vs. Anna MATTYSEN, Defendant. Plaintiff says that Anna MATTYSEN entered her house and said that Sara KIERSTEDE had called her, plaintiff, a whore. And defendant said that Madelena DIRX was a whore and that she had received the fine clothing she wears of PAELDEN her lover. Anna MATTYSEN says that Madelena DIRX has called her a thief. The hon. Court orders both parties to prove their allegations.

• Court Cases Involving Henry, 17 Dec 1671. December 17, 1671: Hendrick BEECQMAN, Plaintiff vs. Bastian the Negro, Defendant. Mr. Hendry PAELDIN, as attorney for Asser LEVY, requests to be permitted to collect the installment for the land. And agrees to prove that Mr. Nicolaes de MEYER has already received what had been preferred at the previous sentence which he agrees to prove through Mr. BEECQMAN, and requests a copy of the obligation and also of the judgment. Which is granted him.

• commissioned, 16 Jan 1672. Having received a commission as “Widtfild,” I was present and proposed to watch the actions of the savages and to appoint a committee to observe the savages. I gave notice that I have learned that there are some southern savages at Wawaersink, in company with the Esopus savages. And further that the Esopus savages have sent a messenger to the Minissinck savages for the purpose of being infomed about something, but I didn't know about what, and they expect an answer within four days and whereas the messenger, sent to New York, has stayed out long after the expected time, therefore he requests of the hon. Court and also of the austere Council of War their advice, about the best means of becoming informed about the intentions of the savages, beause it is rumored that there is war in the south between the savages and Christians. By a plurality of votes it is resolved that I shall go to Waewaersinck, under pretext of visiting my old friends, and make them, in token of friendship, some little presents, and thus to try to find out about their intentions and that the expenses shall be paid by the three villages. And I shall return in two days and in case I do not return in the aforenamed time or send a message, we shall infer that there is war.

• Colonial Event, 25 Jan 1762. The honorable Court judges, because there is no danger, and everything is in a satisfactory condition, and there is peace, that it is unnecessary to any longer continue the watch. Therefore, Captain Chambers will please dismiss the watch for the time being.

Schout Grebenraedt, accompanied by four men of the burgher guard for the purpose of attending to his duties in examining whether any persons harbored savages at night, contrary to the decrees. I met him on the Lord's streets and demanded the honorable schout's orders, and immediately drew my sword against the schout, all this to show my contempt for the schout and commissaries. Schout Grebenraedt wrote to the court saying that, “We think that Captain Paeldin has no right here at Kingston to demand of schout and commissaries the orders with such violence....”

• Request to Appear in Court, 17 Mar 1672. On this March 17, 1671, Schout Grevenraedt and Secretary Willem Montagne, having been delegated to call on the honorable governor, report that the Lord Governor has answered to the remonstrance that he would communicate with Captain Chambers and Mr. Paeldin by letter. And that each would keep within bounds of his instruction.
I responded by sending in a petition requesting to know what I have been accused of before the honorable Lord Governor. The honorable court answers that Captain Paeldin knows it very well, and when he appears before the Lord Governor to answer, he will be able to see of what he has been accused of.

• Petition, 1676. In 1676 I signed a petition for a minister able to preach both English and Duche.

• Property, Abt 1677. ²⁴⁸ I petitioned for a grant of land at Hurley, adjoining the Wassemaker's land, of about 20 acres, also for a piece of land at Cuxing on ye west side of the redout Kill, with a small piece of woodland together with about 40 acres lying under Marbletown.

• Property, 1682. ²⁴⁹ In 1682, I was given a grant of several thousand acres of crown land in Ulster County near Wsopus, in the State of New York, for meritorious military service rendered in the Colonial Wars and in amicable settlements with the Indians.

• appointed: sheriff, 1684, Esopus, Ulster, New York, USA. ^250,251

• appointed, 1685. ^252,253,254 In 1685 I was appointed by Governor Thomas Dongan High Sheriff of Ulster County, and served four years. I was also a member of the Council in Albany, New York., A sheriff was the chief executive officer of a shire or county. In England the sheriff was the King's reeve or steward and originally was the governor of the shire, the captain of its forces, the president of its court - a distinctly royal officer appointed by the king and responsible only to the King.

• Property, 28 Oct 1686. ²⁵⁵ I was granted a patent on 300 acres of land in Marbletown and Hurley

• Colonial Event, 13 Feb 1689. February 13, 1689, I came from Sopus with thirty men to aid against the French and Indians. The documents state that I attended two meetings held in Albany in Febraury 1689.

• Property, 1690. ²⁵⁶ I bought a large tract of land in the northern part of the present Town of Hyde Park from the Native Americans. He died two years later, but his wife and children obtained a crown patent for the land in 1698. In 1701 most of the land was sold to Dr. Samuel Staats and Dirck Van Der Burgh, both of New York City (hence the name Staatsburg.) The Vanderbilt Estate borders this estate.

• will, 20 Jan 1691. ²⁵⁷ Probated March 25, 1695

Anjou, Gustave, Ulster County, N.Y. probate records in the office of the surrogate, and in the county clerk's office at Kingston, N.Y. : a careful abstract and translation of the Dutch and English wills, letters of administration after intestates, and inventories from 1665, with genealogical and historical notes, and list of Dutch and Frisian baptismal names with their English equivalents / by Gustave Anjou ; with introduction by A.T. Clearwater. New York: G. Anjou, 1906, 551 pgs. Abstracts of Wills and Letters of Administration on in the Surrogate's Office New York City. Liber 5-6 page 117 Henry Pawling of Marbletown

Will dated January 20, 1691

"All the state (*) shall continue in ye trust of my well beloved wife during her life. If she remarry an inventory to be taken by her brother Arieaen Rose (*) and Bysbert (*) Crum or any faithful Townsman. After her death 'to my six children, Jane, Wyntie, John, Alberts, Ann, and Henry.' (*) but if my wife Should be now with Child and beare a seventh and live it shall have Equall share with ye other six of my children.

In the name of God Amen. Ye one twentyeth day of January, in ye year of Our Lord 1691. Stil overleri, I Henry Pawling, of Marbletown, in ye county of Ulster, being sick and weak in body but of sound and perfect memory, praise be to God for ye same and knowing ye uncertainty of this transitory life and being desirous to settle things in order to make this my last will and testament in manner and form following that is to say first and principally I recommend my soul to almighty God, my creator assuredly believing that I shall receive full pardon and free remission of all my sinns and be saved by the precious death and merits of my blessed Savior and Redeemer Jesus Christ and my body to ye Earth from whence it was taken to be buryed in such decent and christian manner as to my Executorix hereafter named shall be thought meet and convenient and as touching such worldly estate as ye Lord in mercy hath lent me my will and meaning is ye same shall be imployed and bestowed as here after by this my last will and testament is expressed; first I do revoke, renounce first vate and make void all wills formerly by me made and declare and appoint this my last will & testament. Imprismise I will that ll my just and lawfull debts shall be fully satisfied out of my goods and chattels. Secondly I will that all my estate of lands or tenements, oods or chattels whatsoever or howsoever belonging to me shall continue and dure in ye trust of my well beloved wife for her free disposing during her life but in case she should chance to remarry a true inventory to be taken by her brother Ariaen Rose and Bylbert Crum or any faithful Townsman which God in his mercy shall then order and when my said wife shall come to dye ye whole estate of lands, goods & chattles to be equally divided amongst six chilren namely: Jane, Wyntie, Joh, albert, Ann & Henry Pawling, but if my wife shall be now with child and bare a seventh and live it shall have equall share with ye other six of my children aforenamed. In witness whereof i have hereunto sett my hand and seal ye day and year first above written Henry Pawling (L.S.) Signed and Sealed in the presence of Gylbert Brown, John War.

• Property, Mar 1692. ²⁵⁸ He was in the process of having about 4,000 acres in Dutchess County, New York, patented when he died in Marbletown. Afterwards on May 11, 1696, this patent was made out to Neltye of about 4,000 acres known as the Pawling Purchase. It is now known as part of the village of Staatsburgh.

• Property, 1693. In 1693, Captain Henry Pawling an English officer, bought 4,000 acres of land in Dutchess County from the Indians. In 1698, his widow and children obtained a Crown patent, but in 1701 sold their rights to Dr. Samuel Staats and Dirc Van der Burgh both of New York City, for 130 pounds. the village name is a union of the names of the two owners (Staatsburg).

In earlier years, ice cutting on the Hudson River was an important industry, driectly west of the village of Staatsburg was one of the largest plants.

Dutchess County Philadelphia: William Penn Association of Philadelphia, 1937, 104 pg

• Petition, 24 Jan 1702.

• lived. ²⁵⁹ We lived next door to my wife's brother, Arie Roosa.

• Biography. Henry Pawling of Padsbury, England (per land grants in Philadelphia County) was a soldier in the Duke of York's Expedition in 1664 which was under the command of Colonel Richard Nichols. (Pennsylvania Archives Series 2, Vol. V page 494)

Broadhead's History page 736 of Vol I: Henry Pawling appointed November 9, 1668 to lay out lots in the town of Esopus to induce soldiers to remain. He was a member of a commission that organized the villages of Marbleton, Hurley, Wiltyck and of the change of Esopus to Kingston. Served on a commission which granted land to discharged soldiers March 17-30, 1678. He was discharged on the disbanding of the garrison April 13, 1678. by Colonel Franics Lovelace who had succeeded to the command at New York three years before and was commisioned Captain of the foot company listed and to be listed in towns of Marbleton and Hurley and Wiltyck at Esopus (Vol. XXII page 100 of New York Colonial Manuscripts ). He is also mentioned as n command of foot company (in report of New York State Historian (1896) Colonial Series Vol I, page 379. He settled in Marbleton now in Ulster County New York taking up land there; all records later are to be found there. In 1676 he joined in a petition for a Minister at Esopus to preach both Inglish and duche. He ws appointed High Sheriff of Ulster County in 1684, becoming a member of the Governor's council and Collector of Taxes for the County. A patent of land is recorded to him in Ulster County, October 27, 1767. He also made a purchase of 7000 acres in Duchess County, New york known as the Pawling Purchase. he had a grant of land in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Archives Vol 282 pages 293 and 316) He married November 3, 1676 in ulster County New York to Noeltje Roosa, daughter of Heymans and Wintie Arens Roosa. the record of the family is to be found in the old Dutch Church Kingston, New York (records published and transalted by Chaplain R.R. Hoes U.S. N.)

• Acquaintance: Gerret Cornelisse Van Niewkirk. In 1670 Gerritt is listed in Captain Henry Pawling's company of Foot Militia as from Hurley, at the Rendezvous of april 5th of that year, and on May 26, 1677 was one of the witnesses to the deed from the Indians to Louis Du Bois and Associates for the Paltz Patent.

• Acquaintance. ²⁶⁰ Lambert Huybertse Brink founder of the Brink family in America, arrived at New Amsterdam in December 1659, in De Trouw (Faith) from Wagening (Wageningen) with his wife and two children. A son Cornelis, ws born on the voyage at sea, and baptized at New Amsterdam 4 May 1661. Lambert Huybertse Brink settled at Hurley where he leased land for five yeras, and in 1667 leased lands at Marbletown. He was a witness to the Indian Treaty in Hurley 1677, upon which the New Paltz Patent is based. His wife and children were captured at the burning of Hurley and held captive for three months (June 7, 1663). He served as a soldier in Captain Henry Pawling's company in 1670.

• Governor Francis Lovelace. ²⁶¹ I worked closely with Francis Lovelace, colonial governor born in England about 1630. He was the second son of Baron Lovelace, of Hurley, Berks County, England, a member of parliament, and a colonel in the British army. He succeeded Richard Nicolls, as governor of New York in May, 1667, and developed more fully the extortionate and arbitrary system of government that he found in practice there. When the Swedish settlers of Delaware were provoked to resistance, he decreed an arbitrary tax, asserting that "the method of keeping the people in order is severity, and laying such taxes as may give them liberty for no thought but how to discharge them." In New York a tax for purposes of defence was ordained, and, when the towns of Long Island refused co pay it unless they received the right of representation, the governor ordered their protests to be burned. The people were on the verge of rebellion when the war began between England and Holland. New Jersey and Delaware surrendered willingly to Admiral Evertsen when he appeared with a small fleet in July, 1673, and New York capitulated within four hours after the Dutch squadron had east anchor off Manhattan island. Lovelace departed on 30 July. He had interested himself in the settlement of Ulster county, where he laid out the town of Hurley. A volume of his "Speeches" was published (London, 1660).--His grandson, LORD LOVELACE, succeeded Lord Corn-bury as governor of New York in 1709. The assembly met in April soon after his arrival, and insisted on voting supplies annually and by specific appropriations. He died on 12 May, 1709, leaving the contest to be waged by his successor.

• History of Kingston. ²⁶² Kingston of long ago began its life as a walled village. In 1667, local government was in the hands of twelve trustees, five of whom formed the court. This continued until 1816.

After the distressed days of the Indian wars, old Sopus, as Kingston was often called, sent roots deep into the ground and increased in wealth and importance. It was on the through route from Boston to Philadelphia as well as the main stopping place for New York to Albany travelers, and entertained many important visitors at its taverns and private houses.

Its inhabitants kept many slaves, and though they did not live in the lavish style of the aristocratic Southerners, there was great pride of family and a sufficiency of all that makes life comfortable in the stone houses that were, and are, so much roomier than they appear. There were four meals a day: breakfast, early dinner, tea and supper. Social tea drinkings were frequent, and the young people often arranged evening dances, though the music was furnished by only one fiddler, evening dress was obligatory for the men; knee breeches and silk stockings, in the Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary period; dress coats, pantaloons, white stockings and pumps after the nineteenth century was well under way. Nobody needed to tell the ladies to dress suitably.

As the first State capital and place of organization of the new government, Kingston experienced its most famous, though not its most secure period. Life then became exciting. Though the population was patriotic almost to a man, loyalists from other sections and even from New England, jammed its courthouse jail and the concentration camp or “Fleet Prison” on sloops in Rondout Creek. Top-flight statesmen, generals and legislators deliberated in its courthouse and the two other improvised seats of government, the Senate House, a Ten Broeck residence, and Evert Bogardus' Tavern, where the House first met. New York State came into being, with its first Governor. General George Clinton inaugurated on Wall Street, in front of the courthouse. The first Supreme Court of the State convened.

• Esopus. ²⁶³ The Town of Esopus is noted today for its fine fruit farms and its explosives factory. Esopus keeps many of the old stone houses built by its Dutch settlers when its territory still lay in the towns of Kingston, Hurley and New Paltz. It was made a town on April 5, 1811.

Esopus has always been noted for its fishing grounds along the Hudson River, in early times called the Esopus Meadows.

• Hurley and Ulster. ²⁶⁴ The Town of Hurley is one of the five original towns of the county (the others being Kingston, Fox Hall, Marbletown and New Paltz), Hurley received a formal organization by letters patent from the Crown on October 19,1708. In old days its extent was very much larger than now. Part of it was annexed to New Paltz in 1809; to Esopus in 1818; to Olive in 1823; to Rosendale, in 1844; to Woodstock, in 1853. (The latter boundary is still a source of some uncertainty.) The town lies mainly within the folds of the Esopus Creek. The oldest settled portion is at Old Hurley, the New Dorp or New Village founded by emigrants from Kingston in 1661. This was the first place attacked in the Indian outbreak of June 7,1663, and was almost entirely destroyed, but was resettled soon after. Some of the old stone houses on the village street date, in their oldest parts at least, from the beginning of the eighteenth century.

The Town of Ulster is located almost entirely within the former patent of Kingston, the town of Ulster is oddly shaped. Its main section lies along the Hudson River, but there is also a small and almost completely separated triangle to the southwest which takes in Eddyville. The town was established in December, 1879. The old King's Road to Albany traverses it. At Pine Bush, now the Lake Katrine neighborhood, ran the old stage road, with many taverns. Lake Katrine took its name from Mrs. Catharine Whitaker, who kept a tavern for fishing parties where Cora's Hotel now stands near the lake. Wolves used to burrow under a large rock on the road south of Lake Katrine, near Wolf Rock Hall. Flatbush on the Hudson was known for the large numbers of shad and herring caught there.

Ice harvesting and storing and brickmaking were later industries. Ruby, on the northern boundary of the town, was called Dutch Settlement because in bluestone days most of the surrounding quarry settlements were populated with Irish. It is one of the few places where bluestone is still taken out.

• Dutchess County. ²⁶⁵ In the late 1600's, the colonial government of New York tried to encourage settlement of the valley between Albany and New York City by granting 'patents' or large tracts of land to individuals in exchange for he had been granted.

A new survey of the land was done and an additional 6,000 acres was mapped. In 1704, a group of 4 men petitioned Sir Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury and Governor of New York for the extra land. This group, including Peter Fauconnier, was granted the patent in 1705. This land extended from the Hudson River, east to the Crum Elbow Creek and includes much of what is today the town of Hyde Park. The four partners divided up the area into lots. Later in 1703, Peter Fauconnier and a group of New York men applied to the Governor for a patent of 10,000 acres, which have been discovered outside the Pawling Patent. This was the time of Queen Anne in Great Britain, and the Governor of the Province of New York, Lord Cornbury, was her cousin. Thus the Fauconnier Patent was granted. The land grants were named for the people who obtained them. Pawling's covered most of Staatsburg and Fauconnier's covered the land north of the Crum Elbow Creek. Dr. Samuel Staats bought so much land from the Pawling Patent that the area was called Staatsburgh. Staatsburg is still a hamlet within the Town of Hyde Park. The lands south of the Crum Elbow Creek belonged to the Stoutenburghs, who were the first settlers of the area in about 1742.

Originally the area was definitely a farming community. Grain was the main crop, which brought the need for mills. There were several kinds of mills on the Crum Elbow Creek: grist, saw, plaster, edge tools, nails and fulling. Oxen and horses did the pulling. Sloops docked daily to carry grain and supplies to New York City, including hay for the New York police horses. There were other industries in the early days. A productive shipbuilding and repair dock was near the mouth of the Crum Elbow Creek. From the mighty Hudson, sturgeon provided food and employment. The roe was sold for caviar; the flesh filets, called “Albany Beef,” was sold for ten cents; boiling the monsters provided oil to sell in drugstores as a “cure” for man or beast.

Staatsburg became well know for the ice cutting industry on the river. Huge icehouses were built on the river's edge and men were employed to cut and store the ice, which was transported by barges to New York and Albany in the spring. Thus developed the Bodenstein Ice Tool Co. in Staatsburg. During all these developments the blacksmith was a busy person keeping the animals shod and making iron tools, some of which are collector's items today. The Hyde Park blacksmith invented a liniment “good for man or beast.” This was made in Hyde Park and sold in the leading drugstore in Poughkeepsie.

The milestones suggested by Benjamin Franklin and erected to inform the horse riding postal carriers of mileage can still be seen along the highway. The large sycamore trees along Route 9 have been growing for 250 years and are still majestic and healthy. The original churches still exist.

It may be well to point out at the start that the Indian inhabitants of Dutchess County were not warlike. They got along peaceably with the early white settlers, who bought land from them. While men of the Dutch East India Company were interested in Dutchess County, as with other lands along the Hudson River, for what they could get out of it, there was no development of fur trading posts here. Such traffic at New York, Albany, and Kingston was accompanied by disorders, even warfare. In Dutchess, the Indians set the pattern for the peaceful existence, which attracted whites to settle in the area, to build homes and make their living from the land.

Before colonization, Dutchess was thickly forested, and abounded in wild life. Early historians refer to the presence in the county of black bear, wolves, panther, porcupine, fallow deer, moose and buffalo. One writer spoke of Indian dealings in the skins of female lions, while another said the buffalo once roamed the Highlands.

Indian occupation of the east banks of the Hudson River was largely by the Mohicans, who made up a branch of the Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Nation. The Mohicans, with the Wappingers holding the chieftaincy in Dutchess County, dominated various tribes of the section. There were other smaller tribes here, and evidence of a score or more village sites, nearly half of them on the Wappingers Creek, and several on the shores of the Hudson.

Sachems of the Wappingers included four that were mentioned in official documents. One of them, Goethals, was present at the treaty of peace consummated with certain tribes of river Indians on March 6, 1660, by Peter Stuyvesant. Tseessachgaw represented the Wappingers at the last treaty signing by Stuyvesant with the Indians on May 16, 1664. The name of another, Megriesken, appears on an Indian deed for the transfer of land to the whites in Dutchess County.

Although Dutchess was mapped out as a county in 1683, the Colonial Governor did not establish first legal residence in the county until four years later under a land purchase from the Indians with confirmation of title. Robert Sanders, an Englishman, who was an interpreter between the Indians and Europeans, and Myndert Harmense Van Den Bogaerdt, a Dutchman, purchased land embracing the present city of Poughkeepsie, which is the county seat of Dutchess. As of June 9, 1687, Sanders and Harmense (for so the latter was known, rather than Van Den Bogaerdt) leased a large part of their holdings to Baltus Barents Van Kleeck and Hendrick Jans Ostrom.

This leasehold also marked the beginning of permanent legal residence within the entire county, according to contemporary historians.

Dutchess County was not named after the Dutch, but as a compliment to the Duchess of York. Her title was derived from the French word, duchesse, and was spelled with a “t” until 1755, in which year Dr. Johnson, the English lexicographer, dropped the “t,” and also the final “e.”

Sketch of the first house of record in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess County: Known as the Van Kleeck House, it was the home of Baltus Van Kleeck, one of the original settlers. Was built by Van Kleeck in 1702; demolished in 1835

Lands upon which Messrs. Van Kleeck and Ostrom agreed to settle were described by the Dutch as “Iying in the Lange rack” and “called Minnisingh and Pochkeepsin.” “Lange rack” was the broad expense of the Hudson River extending north and south of the approximate center of the shoreline of Poughkeepsie, a total distance of about ten miles. Robert Juett, mate of Henry Hudson's “Half Moon,” called this straight section of the river “the Long Reach”when Hudson sailed up the river, in 1609. “Minnisingh” was believed to refer to high ground in the Dutchess Turnpike east of the present Poughkeepsie, while “Pochkeepsin” was one of the numerous spellings of the county seat.

This same colorful “Long Reach” of the Hudson contains the present four-mile course for the Poughkeepsie Intercollegiate Regatta, annual rowing event, which has attracted hundreds of thousands of visitors to Poughkeepsie's shores and Dutchess County. The course begins at Crum Elbow, not far from the river estate of President Roosevelt; it extends south to a point below the mid-Hudson vehicular bridge at Poughkeepsie.

One now widely accepted explanation of the meaning of the name “Poughkeepsie” evolves from a story surrounding the first legal settlement in the community. Johannes Van Kleeck and Myndert Van Den Bogaerdt, sons of the original settlers, frequented a spot close to the present New York-Albany Post Road, less than two miles south of the present courthouse at Poughkeepsie. The Indians followed a trail to this same point, known by the two boys as Rust Plaetz, and meaning Resting Place. The Indians had another name for the spot, which was marked by a spring, and, so the story goes, surrounded by cattail reeds, a small stream issuing from the spring. They used three words to describe it: uppuqui-meaning lodge covering, the name of the cat-tail reed; ipis-little water; ing-meaning place; and freely translated, “The Reed-covered Lodge by the Little Water Place.”

The Dutch and the English settlers spelled the name phonetically, and it appeared in various combinations of letters. In the Van Kleeck-Ostrom lease it was “Pockkeepsin.” A more familiar later form of the word was “Apokeepsing,” resembling uppiquiipis-ing, until the “A” was dropped; and out of Poughkeepsing there came the accepted name, “Poughkeepsie.”

The date, June 9, 1687, is now recognized as not only marking the beginnings of permanent legal residence of white men in Poughkeepsie, but in the county as well. Prior to that time there were undoubtedly transient residents in the county, but there is no documentary evidence pointing to an earlier legal white residence than that at Poughkeepsie. Early local historians set forth that the first settler may have been Nicholas Emigh, or Eighmie, presumed to have arrived at Fishkill, southern Dutchess, at an early date. These historians conceded that authorities differed as to the exact date of settlement, although one writer placed Eighmie in the county as early as 1682.

• Town of Marbletown. ²⁶⁶ Located in the central part of the county, it was one of the original five Townships in 1683. Old soldiers of the Indian wars and veterans of the English Army who came in 1664 received grants there from the government in 1670 and settled in a village at what is now called North Marbletown, but soon scattered and took up the outlying land for farms, which in some cases they bought of the Indians.

The town lands, covering the area of many of these purchases, were granted by Queen Anne to the town trustees, June 25,1703, and were reconveyed by them to settlers. Prices for land at this time were twelve pence an acre for lowland, six pence for upland. It has always been an excellent farming country.

One hundred eleven slaves were listed in the town in 1755. A remarkably large proportion of the early names, such as Van De Mark, Schoonmaker, Krom, DeWitt, Bogart, Davis, Hardenbergh, Hasbrouck, Roosa are found in town today. Prominent early English families were the Ashfordbys, Gartons, Nottinghams, Pawlings and Brodheads. John Beatty, an Irishman of aristocratic lineage, married Susan Ashfordby and built the first house at Stone Ridge.
Government by regularly elected town officials began at least as early as 1711. The regulation of matters relating to town property and perhaps some civil administration is recorded from 1703 onward. As in New Paltz and Rochester, the two governing bodies functioned simultaneously.
The house where the annual town meetings were held for over a hundred years, since long before the Revolution, still stands on the Kingston-Ellenville highway and is thought to be the oldest town house still standing in New York State. It is called the Davis Tavern from its former owner, Isaac Davis, who built it about 1710.

Stone Ridge is now a delightful village whose historic houses make the main street of great interest. (See elsewhere.) A modern industry, Sally Tock's (Cosmetics), Inc., occupies for its shop a small house over one hundred years old, and has a large mail order business in fine cosmetics, as well as a local one.

The Shop in the Garden, whose proprietor is Katharine Hasbrouck, of the old Stone Ridge family, is a gift shop of unusual charm in an old stone house once the parsonage of the First Dutch Reformed Church. Tea, with toast, jam and cakes served either next to the shop or in her beautiful garden, is another attraction of the place, which is visited by shoppers from a wide area.

The Leggett family has been prominent in town since Francis H. Leggett, grandson of Abraham Leggett, a tanner at Mt. Pleasant in Shandaken, bought a large estate there in the 1890s. Educational lecture courses by noted men and women were held every summer at the Leggett Casino for many years, and the family has always held “open house” to the neighborhood. In the summer of 1943, Mrs. Frances Leggett, daughter of Francis H. Leggett, put the inn at the disposal of the British Merchant Navy Committee of New York with complete accommodations for seamen. A number of Swamis from India were also guests on the estate, and lectures on India, with moving pictures, were made available to the residents of Stone Ridge without cost.

Marbletown has a claim to being the second New York State capital, as the Committee of Safety, representing both branches of the government, met at the Andrew Oliver house in North Marbletown, October 19 to November 18, 1777, on which day it adjourned to Hurley

• Notes of Interest. ²⁶⁷ History Timeline of New York

1609- Henry Hudson explores the Hudson (North) River

1610 - 14- Freelance traders explore the possible fur trading routes

Early 1614- Fort Nassau built in present day Albany; a temporary fort may have also been constructed on Manhattan Island

Oct. 11, 1614- a charter is granted to the United New Netherland Company for three years (begins Jan. 1)

Spring 1617- Fort Nassau almost

Jan. 1, 1618- U. N. N. C.'s charter expires, trade open to all

June 3, 1621- The Dutch West India Company is established, creates a trade monopoly

May 1624- First permanent settlers arrive, 30 families (mostly Walloon) built a new fort just above Albany on the west bank of the Hudson River, they named it Fort Orange, another group of Walloons go to Fort Nassau on the Delaware

1625- more settlers and farm animals arrive at Fort Orange, a settlement is begun on the southern tip of Manhattan Island

After 1625- A strong friendship between the Iroquois Indians and the Dutch allowed the Colony of Fort Orange to grow and prosper in peaceful trade

May 1626- Peter Minuit arrives at Manhattan and is given command as Director-General of the Colony, New Amsterdam is founded and construction on Fort Amsterdam is begun, Manhattan Island is purchased from the Indians and many settlers in Forts Orange and Nassau move to the new settlement

1629- The Patroon System is established in New Netherlands

1630- more land is purchased from the Indians near Fort Orange (Albany), the Colony of Rensselaerswyck is established

1632- Minuit is succeeded by Sebastiaen Jansen Krol

1633- Wouter van Twiller replaces by Krol

1638- van Twiller is succeeded by Willem Kieft

1639- the fur trade monopoly is abolished, private fur trading allowed which results in the illegal selling of guns to the Mohawk Indians

1643 - 45- Blooy Indian wars result from the disasterous policies of Kieft

Sept. 27, 1647- Kieft and Domine Everadus Bogardus drown off the coast of Wales

1647- Petrus Stuyvesant succeeds Kieft

1648- Scattered settlements in the present day Albany area are moved closer to Fort Orange, the newly concentrated village is named Beverwyck in 1652, Beverwyck is a independent colony from the Patroon Rensselaerswyck's colony

1650 - 51- A settlement is begun at Catskill (Leeds)

1652 - 53- A settlement is begun at Esopus (Kingston)

1654- After several failed attempts to christianize the Iroquois, the Onondaga Indians asked that the French start a Catholic Jesuit Mission for the numerous Huran Syracuse, the Salt City, was buit here

1655- Indians attack the Esopus Colony, a man there is killed, Stuyvesant orders the settlers there to congregate

May 31, 1658- Construction on a stockade at Esopus is begun, Stuyvesant protects the stockade with soldiers, and he later doubles the number of soldiers there

Summer 1659- a sickness spreads through New Amsterdam, Stuyvesant gets ill

Sept. 20, 1659- Indian employees of Thomas Chambers get drunk near Esopus, an angry group of Dutchmen, led by Jacob Jansen Stoll, attack the drunken natives, killing one of them

Sept. 25, 1659- a armored convoy is attacked enroute to Esopus, war is again declared, volunteers from New Amsterdam are few due to sickness, lots are later drawn and 160 men and 25 Indians are forced to protect Esopus

Oct. 10, 1659- a group of 185 men arrives at Esopus only to discover that the warring natives had already abandoned the attack

Nov. 28, 1659- Stuyvesant visits Esopus to make peace with the natives, but they do not cooperate

Mar. 17, 1660- Ensign Smit and 40 soldiers attack 60 Indians, killing a few and taking several prisoners

Mar. 18, 1660- Stuyvesant again tries to make peace, but Indians refuse to meet with him, Stuyvesant declares war on the Esopus Indians

July 15, 1660- A treaty is signed ending the first Esopus War

May 16, 1661- Esopus adopts a more local government, they no longer are under the government of Fort Orange, Stuyvesant renames the Esopus Colony 'Wiltwyck' (Wild District)

Spring 1662- Hurley, 'the New Village,' is established

1661 - 62- Stuyvesant sends his captive Indians to work in mines in the Tropics, the Esopus tribe is offended, Wiltwyck organizes a militia, the population rapidly increases, Indians agree to meet with Stuyvesant, but only to make the settlers think they wanted peace, Indians angered by Stuyvesant's refusal to return their people and also because they had not yet received payment for the land on which Hurley was built

June 7, 1663- around noon, A large number of Indians enter the Wiltwyck stockade, appearing to want to trade, and scatter throughout the village, 15 minutes later a rider on horseback

July 4 - 9, 1663- Soldiers from Manhattan march to Wiltwyck, they begin to hunt the 200 or more members of the three allied tribes that make up the enemy, 6 of the enemy are killed, including their
I

July 31, 1663- A expedition of 200 men search for the enemy, but are unsuccessful

Sept. 5, 1663- The enemy Indian's fort is discovered, the prisoners are rescued from certain death, the remaining enemy Indains are hunted down, the land that becomes New Paltz is discovered

1652 - 54, 1664 - 67, & 1672 - 74- England wages war with the Dutch Republic over the lands that they are trading on

1664- King Charles II grants his brother James, the Duke of York, all the lands between the Connecticut and the Delaware Rivers, Stuyvesant refused to give up New Netherlands, but most of the settlers realized that resistance was futile, and persuaded Stuyvesant to yield, England renamed the Colony New York, the name of Wiltwyck is changed to Kingston, Beverwyck is changed to Albany

1703- Queen Anne grants the Rochester, Ulster County patent

July 4, 1776- thirteen colonies declare their independence from England and the Revelutionary War is started

1777- New York State is formed and Kingston is the first capital

Henry married Neeltje Albertse Roosa, daughter of Captain Aldert Heymans Roosa and Wyntje Ariens Allard Dejongh, on 3 Nov 1676 in Kingston, Ulster County, New York.²³⁹ (Neeltje Albertse Roosa was born in 1653 in Herwijnen, Gelderland, Netherlands ¹²⁸ and died on 27 Oct 1745 in Rhinebeck, Dutchess, New York.)

  Noted events in their marriage were:

• lived, 3 Nov 1676. ²⁶⁸ The publication of banns for my marriage to Neeltje Roosa was made. She was the daughter of Albert Heymans and Wyntje Roosa. I resigned my commission following my marriage to Neetje Roosa and settled at Esopus, New York, and afterwards served in the colonial service